January 23, 2026

For many people living with Parkinson’s disease, changes in chewing and swallowing can turn eating into a source of stress. The muscles involved in swallowing may become slower or less coordinated, increasing the risk of coughing, choking, and fatigue. Over time, this can affect nutrition, hydration, mood and even cause certain types of pneumonia.

The good news is that there are simple adjustments that help make eating safer, easier, and more satisfying. With the right approach, meals can remain nourishing and comforting even when dysphagia is present. Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty or discomfort while swallowing.

Swallowing Changes in Parkinson’s
Swallowing is a complex process that relies on precise timing and muscle control. Swallowing difficulties in Parkinson’s often develop slowly and may not be obvious at first. Early signs include needing more time to finish meals, a feeling that food is stuck in the throat, and coughing during or after eating and drinking. Liquids may be especially challenging, as reduced muscle coordination can make it harder to control their flow.

Because these changes tend to emerge gradually, they’re sometimes mistaken for normal aging or brushed aside as minor inconveniences. Being mindful of how mealtimes are currently going and making a mental note to flag any suspicious or recurring incidents that interfere with swallowing can help identify problems before they affect nutrition and hydration.

If swallowing problems are suspected, a speech-language pathologist should be consulted. In the meantime, there are eating strategies that can make a meaningful difference in your daily routine.

Some Foods to Try
The best foods to rely on when swallowing has become difficult require minimal chewing and are easy to control in the mouth. Moisture and softness are important characteristics to look for, but don’t forget to prioritize nutrient density and variety! Here’s a handy list of foods to consider:

• Eggs – scrambled, poached, soft omelets
• Yogurt, pudding, custard, and other smooth dairy-based desserts
• Cottage or ricotta cheese
• Hot cereals such as oatmeal and cream of wheat
• Puréed soups made from vegetables, beans, or lentils
• Smooth mashed potatoes, sweet potatoes, or winter squash
• Applesauce and other puréed fruits without skins or seeds
• Finely shredded chicken or turkey with gravy or sauce
• Soft tofu or well-cooked legumes blended to a smooth consistency
• Stewed fruits such as pears and peaches
• Mashed or puréed carrots, zucchini, and spinach
• Avocado

Foods That Often Cause Trouble
While individual tolerance varies, certain textures are the most common culprits when it comes to exacerbating swallowing difficulties:

• Dry or crumbly foods such as crackers, toast, and rice
• Mixed textures like chunky soups or cereal with milk
• Tough meats and foods that require prolonged chewing
• Sticky foods that cling to the mouth or coat the throat, such as peanut butter and honey

Which foods you incorporate into your diet are only half the battle. How and when meals are eaten matter just as much, so take a moment to review this list of general mealtime tips and find the ones that work for you:

Slow down
Allow yourself plenty of time to eat without feeling rushed. Take small bites and sips. Pause when you need to. Rushing increases the risk of coughing and fatigue.

Sit upright
Good posture promotes safer swallowing. Remain seated upright during meals and for at least 30 minutes after. This will also help reduce symptoms of acid reflux and indigestion.

Reduce distractions
Focusing on the meal by turning off the TV and other devices that compete for your attention can improve coordination and awareness.

Time wisely
Some people find swallowing easier when medications are working optimally. Tracking patterns can help identify your best mealtimes and maximize the effects of your treatments.

Watch for warning signs
Frequent coughing, throat clearing, unexplained weight loss, or avoiding favorite foods should prompt a conversation with your physician. Sometimes we don’t notice changes right away, but keeping an eye on feelings and behaviors over time can shed light on emerging symptoms. The sooner you seek support, the sooner you can implement solutions and get back to enjoying meals!